基于16SrDNA扩增子测序技术分析母乳喂养对极早产儿肠道菌群的影响

Analysis of the effect of breastfeeding on the intestinal flora of very premature infants based on 16SrDNA amplicon sequencing technology

摘要:

目的 探究母乳喂养对极早产儿肠道菌群组成及多样性的动态影响。方法 选取2021年7月至2023年6月西南医科大学附属中医医院新生儿科收治的母乳喂养极早产儿49例为研究对象，于出生后3、7、14、28 d及出院前1 d采集其大便样本，应用16SrDNA扩增子测序技术监测肠道菌群动态演变过程。结果 各时间点极早产儿肠道菌群Alpha多样性比较，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);丰度为前10的关键物种除放线菌相对丰度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外，其余物种(γ-变形菌、杆菌、梭菌等)相对丰度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);门水平以厚壁菌门和变形菌门为主，厚壁菌门相对丰度第7天时达到最高(47.80%),随后下降；目水平的双歧杆菌目、科水平的双歧杆菌科均在出生后14、28 d相对丰度较高(3.36%、1.32%)。结论 母乳喂养可促进极早产儿肠道菌群向有益菌优势定植方向演变，并降低潜在致病菌丰度。

Abstract:

Objective Toexplorethedynamicimpactofbreastfeedingonthegutmicrobiotacompositionanddiversity ofveryprematureinfants.Methods Atotalof49veryprematureinfantswhowerebreastfedandhospitalizedintheNeonatal DepartmentoftheAffiliatedTraditionalChineseMedicineHospitalofSouthwestMedicalUniversityfromJuly2021toJune 2023wereselectedastheresearchsubjects.Fecalsampleswerecollectedfromtheseinfantsonpostnataldays3,7,14,28, and1daybeforedischarge.Thedynamicevolutionofgutmicrobiotawasmonitoredusing16SrDNAampliconsequencing technology.Results There werestatisticallysignificantdifferencesinthe Alphadiversityofthegut microbiotaofvery prematureinfantsatdifferenttimepoints(P<0.05).Amongthetop10 mostabundantkeyspecies,onlyActinobacteria showedno statistically significant differencein relative abundance (P > 0.05), while the remaining key species (Gammaproteobacteria,Bacilli,Clostridia,etc.)exhibitedsignificantdifferences (P <0.05).Atthephylum level, FirmicutesandProteobacteriadominated,withtherelativeabundanceofFirmicutespeakedonpostnatalday7(47.80%)and subsequentlydeclined.Attheorderlevel,Bifidobacteriales,andatthefamilylevel,Bifidobacteriaceae,showedhigher relativeabundancesonpostnataldays14and28(3.36% and1.32%,respectively).Conclusion Breastfeedingpromotesthe colonizationofbeneficialbacteriainthegut microbiotaofverypreterminfantsandreducestheabundanceofpotential pathogenicbacteria